Monday, June 17, 2013

SADC: Tomorrow: U.S. Competitiveness in Africa w/ Members of Congress

On Tuesday there will be a ton of interesting events, I hope to see you at some of them!

Dear Colleagues,

I hope you all had a Happy Father's Day! I sure did, as I participated in Andy's Google+ Hangout, along with Jemila, which was was quite successful! Here is the edited video and summary (we ran into some technical errors), and while we could not get the original panel of guests, Shuang and Andy found a wonderful substitute in Hongxiang Huang. I thought it went really well, though my wife pointed out some of the ways I could have improved my performance (I said "umm" way too much, sadly... next time I will do better, honey!). This week there should be a lot of interesting events going on in the DC area, I hope to meet some of you on Tuesday for the  congressional discussion about US competitiveness in Africa as well as the remarks by the Honorable Raila A. Odinga, who will talk about Sino-African relations and Africa as a whole.
  • Jemila, along with Blogging Ghana, is putting together her own Hangout on Thursday, June 20. The panelists are still being worked out, but there are going to be a lot of them and a few of our members should be participating. And, in the same vein of Andy's Hangout, the participants will all be Chinese or African except for myself (I somehow keep representing the United States in all of these events...). Be sure to check it out!
  • If you have a bit of free time on your hands, I urge you to read through the latestSouth Africa Foreign Policy Initiative Digest, which can be found here. While mostly focused on BRICS issues, there are a number of pieces that are of interest to Sino-Africa watchers, (Thank you Prof. Park)
  • Since no one responded to the potluck idea, it has been dropped.
Enjoy the weather!

Area Events

By: The Office of Ranking Member Karen Bass, House Africa Subcommittee
Date and Time: Tuesday, June 18, 08:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Location: The Member’s Room, Thomas Jefferson Building
Library of Congress

Reaching Across the Pacific: Latin America and Asia in the New Century
By: Woodrow Wilson Center
Date and Time: Tuesday, June 18, 8:45 AM - 1:00 PM
Location: 5th Floor
Woodrow Wilson Center

A Briefing by The Honorable Raila A. Odinga: African Achievements and Challenges: Learning from the Past but Looking Forward
By: Woodrow Wilson Center
Date and Time: Tuesday, June 18, 11:00 AM - 11:30 AM
Location: 5th Floor
Woodrow Wilson Center

Amadou and Mariam (Thank you Edward)
By: 9:30 Club
Date and Time: Tuesday, June 20, 7:00 PM
Location: 9:30 Club
815 V St NW

Women as Agents of Change: Traditional Practices and Community-Based Social Change in Ethiopia
By: Woodrow Wilson Center
Date and Time: Thursday, June 20, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM
Location: 6th Floor
Woodrow Wilson Center

Cheick Hamala Diabate (Thank you Edward)
By: Kennedy Center
Date and Time: Thursday, June 20, 6:00 PM
Location: Kennedy Center - Millenium Stage
2700 F St NW

Emmanuel Jal (Thank you Edward)
By: Kennedy Center
Date and Time: Saturday, June 22, 6:00 PM
Location: Kennedy Center - Millenium Stage
2700 F St NW

Miss Africa USA Pageant (Thank you Edward)
By: Miss Africa USA Pageant 2013
Date and Time: Saturday, June 29, 07:00 PM
Location: The Fillmore Silver Spring
8656 Colesville Rd  Silver Spring, MD 20910

Conferences

  1. Asian Studies Association of Australia
  2. International Convention of Asia Scholars 8
  3. Oxford University China Africa Network & Alpha Professional Network Emerging Powers in Africa Forum

Calls for Papers

  1. Call for Papers - International Journal of Human Rights Special Issue: Corporate Power & Human Rights (Thank you Prof. Park)
  2. Call for Papers - Verge: Studies in Global Asias (Thank you Prof. Park)
  3. Call for Papers: State Policy and the Cultural Politics of Heritage-Making in East and Southeast Asia -  International Institute for Asian Studies (Thank you Prof. Park) 
  4. Call for Papers and Panels - Asian Studies Association of Australia (Thank you Prof. Park)
  5. Call for Proposals: China, UK, Low-Income Countries and Agriculture/Food Security - AgriTT (Thank you Prof. Brautigam)
  6. Call for Submissions - Politique Africaine (Thank you Prof. Park)

Opportunities (courtesy of Nina)

  1. Communication Advisor for Tanzania and Burundi - ActionAid
  2. Communication Advisor for Nigeria and Liberia - ActionAid
  3. Communications Coordinator for Africa - Center for International Forestry Research
  4. Convening Officer - Civicus
  5. Finance Analyst - International Finance Corporation
  6. Financial Consultant - Saferworld
  7. Grants Manager - International Organization for Migration
  8. IT Support Officer - Camfed
  9. Logistics Coordinator - QED Group
  10. Phandulwazi nge China Scholarship Programme for visiting scholars from Africa  - Stellenbosch University Centre for Chinese Studies
  11. Photographer - Adeso
  12. Product Manager - Grameen Foundation
  13. Project Coordinator - Invisible Children
  14. Program Manager, Education Programs - IREX
  15. Programme Funding Manager, Sahel - Christian Aid
  16. Program Officer - Freedom House
  17. Project Officer - Adeso
  18. Senior Fellow/Fellow, Africa Growth Initiative - Brookings
  19. Technical Project Manager - Grameen Foundation

Of Interest

Africa: The China-Africa Convergence: Can America Catch Up? - A balanced, nuanced look at how American involvement in Africa is trailing that of the Chinese, why it matters, and what must be done about it. Howard French is also awesome, so always read his stuff.
Anonymous ‘Baba Jukwa’ Facebook Dishes Dirt on Zimbabwe Politics  - Baba Jukwa, an anonymous Facebook poster writing about Zimbabwe politics from an insider's perspective, tells one story (out of many) about a Chinese contractor whose project was built  to support the Zimbabwe government rather than its people. It is not the fault of the Chinese though, they are just doing their job and the author's ire is directed towards the Zim government
Chinese investors look to broaden their African portfolios - If one can get over the "China is the best" tone of the article, there are some really great quotes and anecdotes to be found.
From Gold Mine to Land Mine – The Chinese in Ghana - This fantastic essay gathers social media sources and scholarly monographs and articles to talk about the situation in Ghana, and locates the tension within the context of different labor cultures. The story about Chinese racism and their handling of Ghanaian maids is quite chilling.
Leave Chinese alone - Prostitutes cry out - “'The galamsey [small-scale miners] operators don’t even ask for reduction for our services; they accept whatever prices we give them,' Victoria said. 'The Chinese galamseyers pay well unlike the ordinary Ghanaian who would ask for reduction,' she added." Who says the Chinese do not create jobs in Africa?
Lifan sees Africa as doorway to world - This interview with Yin Minshan, President of the automaker Chongqing Lifan group, talks about his companies plans to expand in Africa. A few of my buddies in China had Lifan motorcycles but I do not really know the company.
Over there: China ponders sending more combat troops on UN peacekeeping missions - A fascinating analysis of what China has to think about as it sends over 500 troops to Mali, some which might be actual soldiers rather than the usual engineers, medical workers, or transport staff.
SA is riding the Chinese dragon into a tempest - A look at how China's economic growth and contractions affect the South African economy. I am not sure the housing market situation in China is as dire as the author contends, though. As someone who predicted a Chinese housing crash back in 2009 for 2012-2013 (and planned to buy property in that crash), I learned to NEVER make predictions about the Chinese housing market, because you will always be wrong.
Save elephants from Chinese ivory trade or we lose them, says researcher - This piece joins the growing chorus of people who track the ivory poaching issue as saying China should do more about it.
Soft Power? China Has Plenty - An interesting overview of Chinese soft-power in Africa through the lens of aid and education, citing both Prof. Brautigam and Prof. Kenneth King. I think that the author oversells the point, and I could have done without the $74 billion aid figure cited, but worth a read regardless.
Taskforce dared to arrest chiefs benefiting from illegal mining - While much of the focus over last week's row over Chinese mining in Africa was directed at illegal Chinese miners, this piece talks about some of the actors who facilitated their actions: local chiefs.
Copyright © *2013* *Sino-Africa DC* All rights reserved.
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Thursday, June 13, 2013

SADC: Tuesday: U.S. Competitiveness in Africa w/ Members of Congress

I am trying something a little different. I cannot find time to suitably blog, but I have been putting together a biweekly newsletter for D.C.-area Sino-Africa watchers. I have a few things up my sleeve, but until then I am just going to post the newsletters, it is the most consistent output I can manage at the moment :(

On Tuesday there will be a ton of interesting events, so start figuring out which ones you would like to attend as soon as possible!

Dear Colleagues,

Monday was a lot of fun, and Prof. Campbell did not disappoint: there was enough radical Pan-Africanism to last for the month! Thanks to Maame, I was able to get good intel on some interesting events coming up. On Tuesday there are a whole bunch of things going on, and I hope to make it to the congressional discussion about US competitiveness in Africa as well as the remarks by the Honorable Raila A. Odinga, who will talk about Sino-African relations.
  • Jemila and Andy have been making moves on their respective Google+ Hangouts. Andy will have his on Sunday hopefully, with him, Shuang Bin, perhaps another guest, and myself participating.  Jemila will have hers take place in late June, maybe between June 18 and 21.
  • Today the Chinese Speakers Bureau had a Google+ Hangout and spoke with Eric Olander about Chinese labor in Africa and Sino-African issues in general. I sort of live-tweeted it, and while I did not agree with all of Eric's points, it was a very interesting discussion. Check out the video here.
  • Since no one responded to the potluck idea, I am thinking of dropping it. I will leave this message up until the Monday newsletter and then go from there: We are still a ways off on the next event (the debate). Rather than risk losing momentum for the group, perhaps we could put together a potluck at someone's house? I am thinking it would have to be close to the metro (If anyone wants to do it at my place, you would have to take a short bus after getting off at Pentagon City, but I would be more than happy to pick you up from there). I would be quite willing to help set up and clean up if we were to do so, and even bring some of my famous (though neither Chinese or Ghanaian) garlic mashed potatoes. Thoughts? I think we could put something together by early or mid July.
Stay dry and safe today! 

Area Events

By: U. S. Export - Import Opportunities for African Consumable Products 2013 Trade Show
Date and Time: Wednesday - Saturday, June 12 - 15
Location: Baltimore Convention Center
1 W Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
Hilton Baltimore Hotel (Awards Dinner)
401 W Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21201

U.S. Competitiveness in Africa – Leveling the Playing Field
By: The Office of Ranking Member Karen Bass, House Africa Subcommittee
Date and Time: Tuesday, June 18, 08:00 AM - 10:00 AM
Location: The Member’s Room, Thomas Jefferson Building
Library of Congress

Reaching Across the Pacific: Latin America and Asia in the New Century
By: Woodrow Wilson Center
Date and Time: Tuesday, June 18, 8:45 AM - 1:00 PM
Location: 5th Floor
Woodrow Wilson Center

A Briefing by The Honorable Raila A. Odinga: African Achievements and Challenges: Learning from the Past but Looking Forward
By: Woodrow Wilson Center
Date and Time: Tuesday, June 18, 11:00 AM - 11:30 AM
Location: 5th Floor
Woodrow Wilson Center

Women as Agents of Change: Traditional Practices and Community-Based Social Change in Ethiopia
By: Woodrow Wilson Center
Date and Time: Thursday, June 20, 3:00 PM - 4:30 PM
Location: 6th Floor
Woodrow Wilson Center

Miss Africa USA Pageant
By: Miss Africa USA Pageant 2013
Date and Time: Saturday, June 29, 07:00 PM
Location: The Fillmore Silver Spring
8656 Colesville Rd  Silver Spring, MD 20910

Conferences

  1. Asian Studies Association of Australia
  2. International Convention of Asia Scholars 8
  3. Oxford University China Africa Network & Alpha Professional Network Emerging Powers in Africa Forum

Calls for Papers

  1. Call for Papers: State Policy and the Cultural Politics of Heritage-Making in East and Southeast Asia -  International Institute for Asian Studies (Thank you Prof. Park) 
  2. Call for Papers - Verge: Studies in Global Asias (Thank you Prof. Park)
  3. Call for Papers and Panels - Asian Studies Association of Australia (Thank you Prof. Park)
  4. Call for Proposals: China, UK, Low-Income Countries and Agriculture/Food Security - AgriTT (Thank you Prof. Brautigam)
  5. Call for Submissions - Politique Africaine (Thank you Prof. Park)

Opportunities (courtesy of Nina)

  1. Associate Editor - Devex
  2. Financial Consultant - Saferworld
  3. Future Opportunities-Students - Deloitte
  4. IT Support Officer - Camfed
  5. Logistics Coordinato- QED Group
  6. Phandulwazi nge China Scholarship Programme for visiting scholars from Africa  - Stellenbosch University Centre for Chinese Studies
  7. Product Manager - Grameen Foundation
  8. Project Coordinator - Invisible Children
  9. Program Officer - Freedom House
  10. Research Associate and Program Coordinator-Freeman Chair in China - Center for Strategic and International Studies
  11. Senior Fellow/Fellow, Africa Growth Initiative - Brookings
  12. Technical Project Manager - Grameen Foundation

Of Interest

1,072 Chinese gold miners return from Ghana - "'Even if they paid me 50,000 yuan a month, I would not go there again,' said a villager surnamed Yang .. Yang went to Ghana and worked at a Chinese gold mine as an equipment guard. He earned a monthly salary of 4,000 yuan, far exceeding what he would have made planting paddy rice back home."
A Chinese investment view on mining in Africa - Though the article itself does not break new ground, it is interesting because it is written by Jianke Gao, the Chinese chief executive of Wesizwe Platinum and also it talks about the AU-sanctioned "African Mining Vision" of 2009, which I had never heard of.
China in Africa: The New Imperialists? - This piece is not my favorite and I find the title a little too provocative (since the article is basically about Zambia, perhaps it is a little too broad).but it does have a few interesting quotes and does emphasize that there are different Chinese actors in Africa, "and not just part of a faceless imperialist mass."
Chinese gold miners abused and raped Ghanaians, says online report - If the allegations are true, it might change the tenor of Chinese-Ghanaian relations. Quote that stuck with me: “I am not surprised - judging by how the Chinese treat their own mine workers at home,”
Chinese gold miners released in Ghana - The miners are released and the Chinese embassy recommends anyone who is being targeted by the authorities to buy a plane ticket back to China. According to the Global Times, nearly 300 Chinese had returned to Guangxi while many others were preparing their evacuation from China.
Due care for miners - A statesmanlike response about the detained Chinese miners in Ghana from the China Daily.
Fears for African rhino in China rainforest - Seven African rhinos were transported to a Chinese wildlife park, but it may be part of a husbandry project.
Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hong Lei's Regular Press Conference on June 7, 2013 - Hong Lei is quite the diplomat in his response to a question about miners in Ghana.
Hisense factory in Atlantis ‘to create 1,200 jobs’ - So China is bringing (more) manufacturing opportunities to Africa, it would seem. Also, calling anything "Atlantis" is just inviting trouble.
Nigeria: 'Doing Business Is More Profitable in China Than Nigeria' - This interview with Sani Tsoho Allassan, a Nigerian doing business in China, is a fabulous read, though Allassan might be a little to optimistic about life in China. Still, I found the interview to be very valuable.
Shanglin residents making millions in Ghana gold rush - This story one puts the number of Shangliners in Ghana at 50,000 and explains that they are changing the cultural landscape (Karaoke bars, possible brothels, etc.), among other observations.
Survey shows China main source of inspiration for Kenyans - Interesting study carried out in January of this year, as China (34%) just beat out the US (33%) and Japan (9%) came in distant third. Finally, there is this quote: “Increasingly, Kenyans’ perception to the ‘Made in China’ tag is turning positive.” Everyone at the Chinese embassy in Nairobi is probably doing the macarena now.
Wuhan Announce Double Signing: Faty and Stojanovic Arrive - The soccer team Wuhan Zall signed Senegalese defender Jacques Faty. I never heard of him myself, though.
网友独家-中国工人曝一人在加纳遭枪击遇 - (The title may be misleading or I read it wrong, but I did not see anybody get shot, I did not watch the entire video though) Sina video of Chinese being rounded up in Ghana. The video is really interesting, everyone apparently has a gun in the first clip.

Member Contributions

Brautigam, Deborah, "Chinese Land Grabs Revised DownwardChina in Africa: The Real Story
Brautigam, Deborah, "Developmental State Meets Post-2015 Development FinanceChina in Africa: The Real Story
Hansen, Peter C., "Investing in Nigeria: What It Takes" Nigeria Development & Finance Forum
Liu, Andy Shuai, "Have Something to Say about China? Grab the Open MicChina Open Mic
Park, Yoon Jung, "Perceptions of Chinese in Southern Africa: Constructions of the "Other" and the Role of MemoryAfrican Studies Review
Shinn, David, "African Mining and ChinaThe official blog of Amb. David H. Shinn
Shinn, David, "African Traders in China and Chinese Traders in SenegalThe official blog of Amb. David H. Shinn
Shinn, David, "Comment on China-Africa RelationsThe official blog of Amb. David H. Shinn
Shinn, David, "Egypt, Ethiopia, Sudan and Nile WaterThe official blog of Amb. David H. Shinn
Shinn, David, "Global Witness China ProgrammeThe official blog of Amb. David H. Shinn
Shinn, David, "More Fiction Than Fact Being Reported on Ethiopia's Renaissance DamThe official blog of Amb. David H. Shinn
Copyright © *2013* *Sino-Africa DC* All rights reserved.
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Monday, June 10, 2013

SADC: Tonight: Prof. Horace Campbell Talks Libya and NATO

Tonight there are two competing events: a China happy hour and an Africa tweetup. Both events will be great!

Dear Colleagues,

The Chinese miners in Ghana stories have justifiably dominated the recent Sino-Africa headlines. Sadly there is no upcoming local event that I can find for us to better learn about the issue, so I hope we might make that a topic of a future event.
  • Feedback for the new newsletter has been pretty positive, though opinions are split as to whether the old aesthetic was more pleasing or not. If there is any section you think I should add, please let me know..
  • Jemila and Andy are thinking of putting together some fantastic Google+ Hangouts about different Sino-Africa issues, I will keep you updated as to their progress (there is a chance I might participate in both, but I would be sharing this information regardless)
  • Here is one call for papers but I could not find a website, so I put it on here: We invite you to submit your essay dealing with globalization issues (broadly defined) to the Journal of International and Global Studies. The deadline for submission of essays is August 15, 2013. The Journal of International and Global Studies provides a peer reviewed multidisciplinary forum for the critical discussion of and reflections on the consequences of globalization throughout the world. The editors welcome essays that deal with globalization from economists, historians, political scientists, anthropologists, sociologists, geographers, linguists, religious, ethnic, or environmental studies specialists, cross-cultural  education, media and communication researchers, or other humanities or social science scholars that have an international and global focus. One of our goals is to help undermine the fragmentation of specialization within the international academy by emphasizing broad interdisciplinary approaches to the comprehension of globalization in all of its many different forms and implications for different regions of the world.
  • Here is another call for papers without a website:The Scientific Committee of the General Labor History of Africa are seeking authors to contribute the underlisted topics for the ILO-supported Volume II of the General History of Africa, 1900-Present. (Work has not yet begun on Volume I.) Selected authors will participate in a conference of authors to take place in Addis Ababa in December this year. Social welfare implementation and consequences on labour (pension, security, safety and health) (max. 30 pages). Mutualistic, associational and cooperative labour (max. 30 pages). Entrepreneurs (max 15 pages). Service/trade (max. 15 pages). A case study of migrant labor within Africa (can be seasonal labor) (max. 15 pages). A case study on outside Africa (highly paid/poor migrants) (max. 15 pages). We request those who are interested in contributing any of the above chapters to please send an abstract of not more than 500 words to Ugo Nwokeji <ugo@berkeley.edu> and Stefano Bellucci <sbe@iisg.nl> by Tuesday, June 11, 2013.
  • We are still a ways off on the next event (the debate). Rather than risk losing momentum for the group, perhaps we could put together a potluck at someone's house? I am thinking it would have to be close to the metro (If anyone wants to do it at my place, you would have to take a short bus after getting off at Pentagon City, but I would be more than happy to pick you up from there). I would be quite willing to help set up and clean up if we were to do so, and even bring some of my famous (though neither Chinese or Ghanaian) garlic mashed potatoes. Thoughts? I think we could put something together by early or mid July.
I hope to see you at Prof. Campbell's talk tonight! Just so you know: there WILL be radical Pan-Africanist sentiment present. You have been warned! 

Area Events

By: Busboys and Poets Books
Date and Time: Monday, June 10, 6:30 PM - 8:00 PM
Location: Busboys and Poets
1025 5th Street NW

Hearing- Modernizing U.S. International Food Aid: Reaching More for Less 
By: House Committee on Foreign Affairs
Date and Time: Wednesday, June 12, 10:00 AM
Location: House Committee on Foreign Affairs
2172 House Rayburn Office Building

U. S. Export - Import Opportunities for African Consumable Products 2013 Trade Show
By: U. S. Export - Import Opportunities for African Consumable Products 2013 Trade Show
Date and Time: Wednesday - Saturday, June 12 - 15
Location: Baltimore Convention Center
1 W Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21201
Hilton Baltimore Hotel (Awards Dinner)
401 W Pratt Street, Baltimore, MD 21201

Miss Africa USA Pageant
By: Miss Africa USA Pageant 2013
Date and Time: Saturday, June 29, 07:00 PM
Location: The Fillmore Silver Spring
8656 Colesville Rd  Silver Spring, MD 20910

Conferences

  1. International Convention of Asia Scholars 8
  2. Oxford University China Africa Network & Alpha Professional Network Emerging Powers in Africa Forum

Calls for Papers

  1. Call for Papers: State Policy and the Cultural Politics of Heritage-Making in East and Southeast Asia -  International Institute for Asian Studies (Thank you Prof. Park) 
  2. Call for Papers - Verge: Studies in Global Asias (Thank you Prof. Park)
  3. Call for Proposals: China, UK, Low-Income Countries and Agriculture/Food Security - AgriTT (Thank you Prof. Brautigam)

Opportunities

  1. Associate Editor - Devex
  2. Future Opportunities-Students - Deloitte
  3. Phandulwazi nge China Scholarship Programme for visiting scholars from Africa  - Stellenbosch University Centre for Chinese Studies
  4. Senior Fellow/Fellow, Africa Growth Initiative - Brookings
  5. Research Associate and Program Coordinator-Freeman Chair in China - Center for Strategic and International Studies

Of Interest

A Chinese investment view on mining in Africa - Though the article itself does not break new ground, it is interesting because it is written by Jianke Gao, the Chinese chief executive of Wesizwe Platinum and also it talks about the AU-sanctioned "African Mining Vision" of 2009, which I had never heard of.
Chinese gold miners abused and raped Ghanaians, says online report - If the allegations are true, it might change the tenor of Chinese-Ghanaian relations. Quote that stuck with me: “I am not surprised - judging by how the Chinese treat their own mine workers at home,”
Chinese gold miners released in Ghana - The miners are released and the Chinese embassy recommends anyone who is being targeted by the authorities to buy a plane ticket back to China. According to the Global Times, nearly 300 Chinese had returned to Guangxi while many others were preparing their evacuation from China.
Due care for miners - A statesmanlike response about the detained Chinese miners in Ghana from the China Daily.
Fears for African rhino in China rainforest - Seven African rhinos were transported to a Chinese wildlife park, but it may be part of a husbandry project.
Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hong Lei's Regular Press Conference on June 7, 2013 - Hong Lei is quite the diplomat in his response to a question about miners in Ghana.
Hisense factory in Atlantis ‘to create 1,200 jobs’ - So China is bringing (more) manufacturing opportunities to Africa, it would seem. Also, calling anything "Atlantis" is just inviting trouble.
Shanglin residents making millions in Ghana gold rush - This story one puts the number of Shangliners in Ghana at 50,000 and explains that they are changing the cultural landscape (Karaoke bars, possible brothels, etc.), among other observations.
Survey shows China main source of inspiration for Kenyans - Interesting study carried out in January of this year, as China (34%) just beat out the US (33%) and Japan (9%) came in distant third. Finally, there is this quote: “Increasingly, Kenyans’ perception to the ‘Made in China’ tag is turning positive.” Everyone at the Chinese embassy in Nairobi is probably doing the macarena now.
网友独家-中国工人曝一人在加纳遭枪击遇 - (The title may be misleading or I read it wrong, but I did not see anybody get shot, I did not watch the entire video though) Sina video of Chinese being rounded up in Ghana. The video is really interesting, everyone apparently has a gun in the first clip.

Copyright © *2013* *Sino-Africa DC* All rights reserved.
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